During the first half of the 19th century, the Kingdom of Hanover was ruled as personal union by the British crown from its creation under George III of the United Kingdom, the last elector of Hanover until the death of William IV in 1837. Winning bid: US $21.39 [ … There were Brunswick regiments in the Prussian army, but I already have these. In 1440 Henry V divided Grubenhagen with his brother, Albert. Inherited Wolfenbüttel from his cousin Frederick Ulrich, who had left no descendants. In 1634, as a result of inheritance distributions, it went to the House of Lüneburg, before becoming an independent principality again in 1635, when it was given to George, younger brother of Prince Ernest II of Lüneburg, who chose Hanover as his Residenz. THE DUCHY OF BRUNSWICK. In 1692 Duke Ernest Augustus from the Calenberg Line acquired the right to be a prince-elector as the Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg. It was not just happenstance but similar religious driven politics that brought about the circumstance that he was also put into the line of succession for the British crown by the Act of Settlement— which was written to ensure a Protestant succession to the thrones of Scotland and England at a time when anti-Catholic sentiment ran high in much of Northern Europe and much of Great Britain. Because of his alcoholism, was deposed by his own mother, who took the regency in his name. Desc: The Duchy of Brunswick was a historical German state. Its capital was the city of Brunswick. France, the UK and the USA co-signed treaties that would have ousted Hanover and placed them in the hands of Charles II, had they followed through. Most countries agreed as well, that he remained the de jure (and 10 years de facto) Duke and recognized all his execution of office as de facto. Koeman, C. Atlantes Neerlandici, Bl 16 A Available also through the Library of Congress Web site as a raster image. Otto von Bismark honored the treaty in sending financial assets of the domains of Brunswick to Geneva.[3]. Buyer's Premium eMedals proudly ships worldwide, see our shipping information. In 1571 the Amt of Calvörde became an exclave of the Duchy. The resulting state was known under many different names (Brunswick-Lüneburg, Calenberg, Calenberg-Celle; its ruler was often known as the "Elector of Hanover". The princes are numbered by the year of their succession. Like most of his predecessors, he had financial problems, so he was often forced to sell or pledge major parts of his possession and he had to demand high taxes. Great Britain and Hanover remained united in personal union until the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837. During the first half of the 19th century, the Kingdom of Hanover was ruled as personal union by the British crown from its creation under George III of the United Kingdom, the last elector of Hanover until the death of William IV in 1837. The Duchy of Brunswick (Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical German state. Other branches that did not have full sovereignty existed in the Dannenberg, Harburg, Gifhorn, Bevern, Osterode, Herzberg, Salzderhelden and Einbeck. Under him the medieval fortress (, Sons of Henry VII, ruled jointly. George III contested the validity of the dissolution of the Empire and maintained separate consular offices and staff for the Electorate of Hanover until the peace conferences at the war's end. His death without descendants precipitated the. After a little over a decade, the matter of the disputed electorate was settled upon the heir, and the new Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (acceded as duke on 23 January 1698), George I Louis was able to style himself the Elector of Brunswick and Lüneburg from 1708. In 1866 Prussia annexed the territories and refused to recognize the Kingdom of Hanover or any of those new titles. Time Remaining: Currency Converter. Ruler of the only land that was still not in Hanoverian lands, to which it would never belong. To the north this new state bordered on the County of Hoya near Nienburg and extended from there in a narrow, winding strip southwards up the River Leine through Wunstorf and Hanover where it reached the Principality of Wolfenbüttel. The subsequent history of the dukedom and its subordinate principalities was characterised by numerous divisions and reunifications. In 1494, they divided their lands. Due to financial problems, was obliged to replace his father. In 1714 was chosen for. The number of simultaneously reigning dynastic lines varied from two to five. In 1569 Henry founded the duchy of. However, his death without descendants allowed his cousins (sons of Albert) to reunite Grubenhagen. These recognitions were consistent with what transpired from his signed and sealed will dated the 12th of April 1873. His rule was marked by several feuds, financed by pledges (Verpfändungen), involving border and property disputes with his neighbours. His lands passed to collateral lines of the Lüneburg Welfs. In 1432, as a result of increasing tensions with the townsfolk of Brunswick, the Brunswick Line moved their Residence to Wolfenbüttel into a water castle, which was expanded into a Schloss, whilst the town was developed into a royal seat. He joined the Prussian army in 1789 as a captain and participated in battles against Revolutionary France. The land passed to his brother Wolfgang. Example: type "5 cent*" to find coins of 5 cents and 5 centimes. Decades later, the families were reconciled by the marriage of the Crown Prince's son to the Emperor's only daughter, and the Emperor allowed his son-in-law to assume rule (his father having renounced his own right). Absorbed Grubenhagen from Wolfenbüttel. your own Pins on Pinterest Discover (and save!) You may use an asterisk as a wildcard. He was the last Catholic of his family. Hanover being the Junior branch, and Wolfenbüttel the Elder. Search tips. The new constitution of Brunswick was declared illegal, as well as all new laws passed by Hanover during their Regency. Ruled jointly with John. [1][2] By 1692, the territories had consolidated to two: the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. In the east it ran through Göttingen along the River Leine via Northeim to Einbeck. In 1432 founded the Principality of Calenberg, a split-off from Lüneburg, and left the remaining Wolfenbüttel to his brother Henry IV. As he opposed to the newly elected Emperor. Left no descendants. For this reason, many cities and provinces in former British colonies are named after Brunswick or Lüneburg. The state lay ran from the northern part of the Solling hills and the River Leine near Einbeck and north of the Eichsfeld on and in the southwestern Harz. The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig und Lüneburg), or more properly the Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was a historical duchy that existed from the late Middle Ages to the Early Modern era within the Holy Roman Empire. The territories of Calenberg and Lüneburg-Celle were made an Electorate by the Emperor Leopold I in 1692 in expectation of the imminent inheritance of Celle by the Duke of Calenberg, though the actual dynastic union of the territories did not occur until 1705 under his son George I Louis, and the Electorate was not officially approved by the Imperial Diet until 1708. George I was followed by his son George II and great-grandson George III. 1823 2 Pfenning - Duchy of Brunswick German States - George IV - KM-1099 - Fine: Condition:--not specified. Other branches that did not have full sovereignty existed in the Dannenberg, Harburg, Gifhorn, Bevern, Osterode, Herzberg, Salzderhelden and Einbeck. In the event, George I succeeded his second cousin Anne, Queen of Great Britain — the last reigning member of the House of Stuart, and subsequently formed a personal union from 1 August 1714 between the British crown and the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (electorate of Hanover) which would last until well after the end of the Napoleonic wars more than a century later—including even through the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and the rise of a new successor kingdom. After Otto's death in 1352, William ruled alone. Shared rule with his brother Albert. As with most matters in Europe during these times, this was part of the centuries-long religious unrest accompanied by outright warfare (see Thirty Years' War) triggered by the zealous advocates on either side of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. The first Hanoverian King of Great Britain, George I of Great Britain, was the reigning Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and was finally made an official and recognized prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire in 1708. In 1269 divided the land with him, and became Prince of Luneburg. It emerged in 1345 as the result of a division of the Principality of Brunswick and was united in 1495 with Calenberg. When the main line of descent became extinct in 1884, the German Emperor withheld the rightful heir, the Crown Prince of Hanover, from taking control, instead installing a regent. The biggest and most populous of those was the area surrounding the cities of Braunschweig, Wolfenbüttel and Helmstedt as well as the Elm, which extended from the river Aller in the north to the Harz mountains in the south. Younger son of Henry X. The subordinate states that were repeatedly created, and which had the legal status of principalities, were generally named after the residence of their rulers. Sons of Albert II, ruled jointly. In the List of Reichstag participants (1792), the following four subdivisions of Brunswick-Lüneburg had recognized representation: By 1705 only two Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg survived, one ruling Calenberg, Lüneburg and other possessions, and the other ruling Wolfenbüttel. The various parts of the duchy were further divided and re-united over the centuries, all of them being ruled by the Welf or Guelph dynasty, who maintained close relations with one another—not infrequently by marrying cousins—a practice far more common than is the case today, even among the peasantry of the Holy Roman Empire, for the salic inheritance laws in effect, encouraged the practice of retaining control of lands and benefits. In 1814 the principality became the Duchy of Brunswick, with its own subordinate principalities that are all apart from the Calenburg principality from which sprang the de facto Kingdom of Hanover. As he left no male descendants, the land passed to his brother Philip. When the United States announced its independence from Great Britain in 1776, the Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg was a sovereign, independent state. Oct 8, 2016 - This Pin was discovered by Clif Bridges. However, the. The Duchy of Brunswick consisted of several non-connected parts - three larger and seven smaller ones. Relief shown pictorially. Brunswick was originally part of the Duchy of Saxony, but was constantly being divided among the ruling families (at one time being ruled by seven different branches of the Guelph family). A Waterloo Medal, Hussars Regiment, 1815 . Called. Subsequently, George I was referred to as Elector of Hanover. Ruled jointly with Albert. The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig und Lüneburg), or more properly the Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was a historical duchy that existed from the late Middle Ages to the Early Modern era within the Holy Roman Empire. Son of Albert V, in 1526 reunited Grubenhagen under his hands. In 1440 divided Grubenhagen with his brother Albert. It was introduced in the Prussian Update. As he left no male descendants, the land had no heir and was occupied by the Principality of Wolfenbüttel. Younger son of William VI. In 1432 the estates gained by the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel between the Deister and Leine split away as the Principality of Calenberg. The dukedom emerged in 1235 from the allodial lands of the House of Welf in Saxony and was granted as an imperial fief to Otto the Child, a grandson of Henry the Lion. Its capital was the city of Brunswick (Braunschweig).It was established as the successor state of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. John abdicated 1364 to join the clergy and Albert became sole ruler. Inherited Wolfenbüttel from his father. In 1571 the Amt of Calvörde became an exclave of the Duchy. Ended: Dec 05, 2020. It was united with the Principality of Calenberg, which had been elevated in 1692 into the Electorate. The text included all the domains, estates, etc of Brunswick were transferred to Geveva. "Le Duc de Brunswick: Sa vie et ses moeurs. The last mentioned retained the position of elector even after the Holy Roman Empire was abolished by its last emperor in 1806. To search an expression, simply put quotation marks around it. The Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was set up in 1701. In the event, George I succeeded his second cousin Anne, Queen of Great Britain — the last reigning member of the House of Stuart, and subsequently formed a personal union from 1 August 1714 between the British crown and the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (electorate of Hanover) which would last until well after the end of the Napoleonic wars more than a century later—including even through the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and the rise of a new successor kingdom. In 1432, as a result of increasing tensions with the townsfolk of Brunswick, the Brunswick Line moved their Residence to Wolfenbüttel, into the water castle, which was expanded into a Schloss, whilst the town was developed into a royal seat. In 1291 divided the land: Henry received Grubenhagen, William Wolfenbüttel and Albert Göttingen. By embracing the. After the death of Duke George William of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1705, King George I inherited the state of Lüneburg with his wife, the Duke's daughter, Sophie Dorothea, later known as the "Princess of Ahlden". In 1495 it was expanded around Göttingen and in 1584 went back to the Wolfenbüttel Line. as the "Prince of Lüneburg". Duchy of Brunswick Brunswick (German: Braunschweig) was a historical state in Germany. The whole world unanimously honored his will which stated Hanover and his brother were (after having been condemned to death) not his natural family. Its capital was the city of Brunswick (Braunschweig). BRUNSWICK (Ger. Colloquially the Electorate was also known as the Electorate of Hanover or as Kurhannover. In 1495 it was expanded around Göttingen and in 1584 went back to the Wolfenbüttel Line. In 1648 inherited the Principality of Lüneburg from his uncle Frederick IV, he gave Calenberg to his younger brother George William, and instead ruled the larger territory of Lüneburg. Its name came from the two largest cities in the territory: Brunswick and Lüneburg. The escutcheon of the Coat of Arms of the Duchy of Brunswick is divided into three columns and four rows, each representing something about the Duchy (i.e. 676 Related Articles [filter] After being split in the course of the years into smaller and smaller principalities it Grubenhagen finally returned in 1596 to Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. After his death in 1252, he was succeeded by his sons, Albert the Tall and John, who ruled the dukedom jointly. His possessions were enlarged in 1706 when the hereditary lands of the Calenberg branch of the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg merged with the lands of the Lüneburg-Celle branch to form the state of Hanover. The Duchy of Brunswick (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical state in Germany. ), This article is about the German states ruled by the various Dukes of Brunswick and Lüneburg.