Again, rhyme cannot be ignored but is used unusually by the poet. The poem starts with the speaker reflecting on a coastal town in Maine. He may be tainted inside, despairing, but at least he can remain humble and seek some solace from the natural world, despite the imposition of modern life around him - money and societal pressures and family traditions all take their toll. Composed of eight six-line stanzas, “Skunk Hour” is one in a series of confessional poems that characterized Lowell’s verse from the 1950s. Andrew has a keen interest in all aspects of poetry and writes extensively on the subject. Skunk Hour, poem by Robert Lowell, published in Life Studies (1959). The four dots at the end of this line are poignant and pregnant with possibility. Steven Gould Axelrod and James E. B. Breslin's criticisms of Robert Lowell's “Skunk Hour” agree about the significance and meaning of the first four stanzas. . Oh to break loose, like the chinook salmon jumping and falling back, (…) to clear the top on the last try, alive enough to spawn and die. College research essay application prompts texas living long essay labour in india Essay for reading death penalty introduction Essay tv speech monthly Dissertation thesis topics wireless communication The poem begins with the speaker describing a number of the town’s residents. What couldn’t be healed by anything is revealed to the sufferer in a simple incident. Only the resolution (decision) to use the individual’s own potential will help, as in this poem. Imprisoned for being a conscientious objector in the second world war, he had a torrid personal life, got through three marriages and was treated for various episodes of manic depression. The overall tone of Skunk Hour is pessimistic, even depressing - only the skunks seem to live brightly in the here and now of Nautilus Island. The speaker has moved from depression to the spiritual rebirth of his natural energies, from a decadent world to individual revitalization. While Bishop comments on her friend Lowell’s rage against humanity’s cruelty, Lowell writes of Bishop’s isolation and inner darkness, yet also resilience to persevere. The poem can be divided into four main parts or stages of development of images. The process seems to represent a journey back to health through art, imagination or creative experience. Skunk Hour is a confessional poem written in 1957. In between is a half-rhyme. And now our fairy decorator brightens his shop for fall; his fishnet’s filled with orange cork, orange, his cobbler’s bench and awl; there is no money in his work, he’d rather marry.One dark night, my Tudor Ford climbed the hill’s skull;I watched for love-cars . Skunk Hour is a free verse poem of eight sestets (six line stanzas), that's forty eight lines in total. The Poem “Skunk Hour” is written in free verse, but with a formal pattern of eight six-line stanzas (sestets) with a loosely regular rhyme scheme. A love song, Careless Love, from the 1950s, is playing, with the lyrics "Now you see what careless love will do.../ Make you kill yourself and your sweetheart too.". This is a light moment in an otherwise quite somber poem. But again note the specific details: I watched for love-cars. “Skunk Hour” is dedicated to one another not simply out of friendship, but because each poet imitates each other’s style and alludes to the other’s key personality traits. Skunk Hour Summary. For example, the speaker admits to secretly watching lovers in their cars at night and this makes him feel bad, like hell. Illness Lowell suffered from manic depression and was hospitalized many times throughout his adult life for this mental illness. Then he starts to describe the things that have begun to go wrong with the place – the millionaire who lived there for the summer is gone, the town decorator seems depressed and … Skunk Hour is the penultimate poem in Lowell’s 1959 volume of poetry, Life Studies. BachelorandMaster, 17 Nov. 2013, bachelorandmaster.com/britishandamericanpoetry/skunk-hour.html. The poem focuses initially on several prominent inhabitants of Nautilus Island, Maine; from the hermit heiress to the gay decorator. Skunk Hour Quotes and Analysis. For example, lines 4 through 6 state the following: “Her farmer / is first selectman in our village; / … The skunk serves as a symbol of fertility (creativity), the persistence of life, independence, naturalness and the like. The two used to write letters to each other constantly, and were very concerned about what one thought of the other's work. Her farmer is first selectman in our village, she's in her dotage. But when he himself reached the climax of frustration and depression, he one day, fortunately, learn the right lesson by looking at a skunk that is still living with full zeal an active and meaningful life, in its original and natural way. Robert Lowell was a controversial figure in his lifetime. Even her farmer is a traditional administrator (selectman) in the speaker's own village of all places. Michael Toolan's linguistically oriented stylistic analysis of "Skunk Hour" shares none of my phonological concerns. Then the dark revelation - this guy goes up the hill to peek on couples having sex in their cars. In the first stanza of ‘Waking Early Sunday Morning’ the speaker begins by describing an experience, or set of emotions, he wishes he could have. Views: 1207 “The Skunk” by Seamus Heaney is a poem that is set in the California darkness and the protagonist is temporarily exiled from his wife, and as he write love letters to her a skunk passes by and he is reminded of the qualities of his wife. He must fight and struggle against degradation and artificiality. Jackson Barry's "Robert Lowell: The Poet as Sign" contends that "in Lowell we find a very complex sign function where a physical signifier, the figure chosen, stands for a cluster of meanings attributed to but not inherent in the actual person" (180). Her son’s a bishop. . The poem focuses initially on several prominent inhabitants of Nautilus Island, Maine; from the hermit heiress to the gay decorator. Brief descriptions set the scene until the main protagonist, the sad, lonely speaker, begins his rather pathetic confession. Only the realization and use of these potentials for revitalization of the inner energy will rescue modern man from his suicidal frustration. My mind’s not right. He realizes by looking at the simple skunk that he was not having the fertile mind, spirit and body to bring up the energies to live actively. He must have the determination and spirit to live. Skunk Hour By Robert Lowell (For Elizabeth Bishop) Nautilus Island's hermit heiress still lives through winter in her Spartan cottage; her sheep still graze above the sea. How low can you get? Wedlock would seem to be a way out of a life destined for a peculiar kind of sad, island loneliness, although at the time of writing, 1957, marriage for gay couples would have been out the question. | The speaker, an ambiguous “we” dangling over the story, tells the readers bluntly that the heiress' son is a bishop, a farmer on her farm holds a place in the local government, and that she is beginning to grow senile. The flow of images has led people … When he saw the others, he only generalized that all of them were railing to maintain their old values, and failing to live. The rhyme scheme changes as the speaker becomes aware that he is not alone - skunks are out in the moonlight. |, Copyright © www.bachelorandmaster.com All Rights Reserved. Skunk Hour by Robert Lowell: Summary and Critical Analysis. Thirsting for the hierarchie privacy Although his manic depression was often a great burden (for himself and his family), the subject of that mental Carefully placed punctuation helps moderate pace. The season’s ill— we’ve lost our summer millionaire, who seemed to leap from an L. L. Bean catalogue. Modern life’s corrupting influences have led men to express frustration and despair: “I myself am hell”. .” I hear my ill-spirit sob in each blood cell, as if my hand were at its throat. | She lives in a small house, buys up all the ugly houses across from her and tears them down. The poem is essentially obscure like the thought and express of a mental patient. Note the way the poet uses end half-rhyme (slant or near or imperfect rhyme) in cottage/village/dotage which suggests that things are not making full sense, there is little harmony. It is composed of 8 sestets with an internal rhyming scheme in each sestet that can only be called irregular from sestet to sestet. These sounds, a variation on a theme of ill, are half-rhymes and produce an echo that keeps the reader in touch with the voice of the speaker, alive in a season that is itself ill. Shrestha, Roma. For example, lines 4 through 6 state the following: "Her farmer / is first selectman in our village; / she's in her dotage." The theme of the poem is the loss and gain of spiritual powers by the poet, or his speaker, representing the modern American or modern man. Analysis of "Skunk Hour" by Robert Lowell Original poem reprinted online here: "Skunk Hour" by Robert Lowell Originally read: September 19, 2013 More information about the Poet: Robert Lowell. Using words like lost, leap, and auctioned off all point to a person permanently not returning, his boat now belonging to locals who will put it to better use. Her son's a bishop. The Styx from Greek mythology, associated with the final crossing of the soul? Contact Us It is modeled on “ The Armadillo,” a poem by Elizabeth Bishop; both poets dedicated their respective poems to each other. hull to hull - the speaker sees the cars as boats, next to one another as if on a river. In the early 1950s, Robert Lowell was a successful, even famous poet, yet was writing few poems. It's this element of distance that helps create the poem's somewhat shadowy atmosphere. “Skunk Hour” is most important to twenty-first century readers not necessarily as a confessional testament to “America in decline” but as a mapping of the fault line between the “tranquilized fifties” and the volatile 60s, where formalism ruptures into confessionalism and the obstinate skunks transmute into Mailer’s Armies of the Night. He climbs a hill and finds the degraded modern condition. Bishop's short story "In the Village") and "Skunk Hour" (inspired by Bishop's poem "The Armadillo"). “Skunk Hour” depicts a man at a moment of crisis. The plot thickens as a third character is presented, this time a poor, homosexual decorator (fairy is a derogatory term for a gay person) who uses orange to liven up his shop and who would prefer being married to working for little money. And that line about the graveyard is a powerful hint - the island's dead are looking in on this love-making too, just like the speaker. The language is simple, but suggestive, too. . These combine to endorse the idea that on this island things are falling into a state of disrepair, which doesn't bode well for the future. The title of the poem means “disgusting period”: the word ‘skunk’ denotes to a small and badly smelling rat like animal, but as an adjective (before the noun ‘hour’) it means ‘extremely hateful’; the word ‘hour’ must mean ‘period’, ‘time’ or ‘phase’. Skunk Hour. The poem has intricate metre and internal rhymes. It was published in his groundbreaking book of poems, Life Studies, and is regarded … Published by Emma Watson on October 18, 2019. He echoes the sayings of Saint John, King Lear and Satan, all of which express emotional crisis. At the start of ‘Skunk Hour’, Robert Lowell appears to be thinking about a female citizen who lives in the city in the state of Maine. However they start to veer away from each other in their analysis of stanza five where there is an obvious shift in tone and direction. Has he done anything wrong? .I myself am hell; nobody’s here— only skunks, that search in the moonlight for a bite to eat. He learns a lesson, and a new life begins for him. The speaker was almost giving up life and extinguishing his powers due to self-disgust. Has the speaker learnt his lesson? It was the last poem in an important volume of poetry titled Life Studies, one of Lowell's most influential creations. The fox stain is ambiguous. This is the therapy for an ill soul, of modern man. Her farmer is first selectman in our village;she’s in her dotage. . In the last two stanzas, we find the speaker looking at a skunk and its kittens fearlessly coming to a city street and eating garbage. He was losing hope and faith. Skunk Hour was inspired by fellow poet Elizabeth Bishop's poem Armadillo. Poetry analysis: Skunk Hour, by Robert Lowell In beginning of “Skunk Hour” (the first four stanzas to be more precise), Robert Lowell gives the sense of a Maine sea town that is slowly declining. Or is he lonely only in his mind, despite others being near. This is a dark and thought provoking poem, with religious anxieties surfacing, and raises issues that are universal and relevant for today. She clings on through the winter, the sheep go on grazing. There is a “hermit heiress.” Her son is a bishop and her farmer is the first selectman of the town. The speaker is revealed, at last, having 'hidden' behind the first four stanzas, but note the wording of the second line: Somehow the car is driving itself up that hill, with the speaker absent, as if there's no personal responsibility for the action. The scene is set by first introducing the old and frail heiress of the island who is a stickler for tradition, a conservative, fading aristocrat landowner with a bishop for a son and ruins for the future. The second part begins with “the season is ill”, an expression of frustration. Also, the contrast between the two wealthy characters—the heiress and the millionaire—versus the decorator hints that the speaker is saying that wealth can be a factor in alleviating or enhancing one's isolation. So there is an atmosphere of doubt, failure and poverty of spirit, relieved temporarily by the actions of the courageous if slightly disgusting skunks. Thus, we see that the theme of the poem is the quest of the speaker, his journey through failure to success. . That process is also suggested by the pattern of the poem that moves from a dying old human mother who is failing to maintain her values to a young animal mother which is able to live so fully and actively. American culture was changing rapidly and dynamically in those postwar years, and Lowell—due in part to his encounters with Allen Ginsberg and Beat culture—was beginning to feel that his work was archaic and staid. Tags . The alternative interpretation of Skunk Hour, according to one school of thought, is that each individual mentioned in the first part of the poem - the heiress, the millionaire and the decorator - represents a Lowell family member. Read through this stanza several times and the full end rhymes help it to become memorable, perhaps the poet's intention. The speaker is so close to the cars on the hill he can hear music from one of the radios. hill's skull - a suggestion of Golgotha, the hill Christ was crucified on? Another businessman fails to attract customers by decorating his shop, and so he’d rather marry”. His observations track an elderly, wealthy woman who seems to have a ton of property, but who is quite alone in her older years. Have students read Bishop’s poem as well, and perhaps briefly introduce their friendship. The speaker mentions how a “summer millionaire” has gone bankrupt and auctioned his yacht. Skunk Hour Analysis 1108 Words5 Pages Confessional poet Robert Lowell expresses his personal trauma in his poem Skunk Hour through his syntax, multiple themes, and his gothic tone. Categories . The Quaker Graveyard in Nantucket: Analysis, To Speak of Woe that is in Marriage: Analysis, About Us . "Skunk Hour by Robert Lowell: Summary and Critical Analysis." Skunk Hour Meanings Of Certain Words and Phrases. It was the last poem in an important volume of poetry titled Life Studies, one of Lowell's most influential creations. Lights turned down, they lay together, hull to hull, where the graveyard shelves on the town. Privacy and Cookie Policy As the poem progresses the reader is fed mostly factual information but the undercurrent of personal pessimism is just strong enough to elicit the thought - something strange is going on here. For example, note the recurrence of ill and all, ell and ail and ull throughout the poem, in these words: still/still/village/all/fall/ill/millionaire/Hill/fall/filled/awl/hill's skull/hull/hull/ill-spirit/cell/hell/swills/pail/tail/will. The full end rhyme fall/awl and half-rhymes cork/work and fairy/marry help tie up this stanza, a near comic portrayal of a guy making the best out of a sorry situation. Dedicated to Elisabeth Bishop and an homage to her style. Probably the most influential poem in the mid twentieth century. Categories . Sample Papers; Tags . At this point the speaker feels completely alone, even though he's close to the love-cars? John R. Reed "Skunk Hour" is important not only because it is a good poem but also because it is a firm acceptance of the things of this world in all their ambiguous excellence. The speaker invites all shades of reaction by declaring the season ill, and illustrating this fact with the demise of a millionaire - presumably and despite being well dressed (like a model in an L.L.Bean catalogue) he unfortunately succumbed on Blue Hill? I stand on top of our back steps and breathe the rich air— a mother skunk with her column of kittens swills the garbage pail She jabs her wedge-head in a cup of sour cream, drops her ostrich tail, and will not scare. This poem raises the themes of separation and love. Brief descriptions set the scene until the main protagonist, the sad, lonely speaker, begins his rather … OPEC and the Global Market detailed analysis February 7, 2020. Analysis In "Skunk Hour," Robert Lowell begins by describing a strange, hermit woman. Basically she's living in the past. A car radio bleats,“Love, O careless Love. Her son's a bishop. Thomas Parkinson (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1968),131-132. Skunk Hour Analysis 1108 Words | 5 Pages Confessional poet Robert Lowell expresses his personal trauma in his poem Skunk Hour through his syntax, multiple themes, and his gothic tone. Note the full end-rhymes of the middle four lines, becoming tight couplets: the skunks are together. The two were great friends. The poem is creating a general symbol of the modern human condition. The third part of the poem shows how the persona wanders in intense agony and spiritual crisis. Summary. The speaker seems almost relieved as he watches this family go about their business of surviving in an urban environment, an unnatural one for these animals. There is no set rhyme scheme but there are interesting end rhymes and some internal rhymes that help solidify the whole, adding a seam of sense/sound. He's a type of voyeur - a victim of a modern, uncaring, materialistic community or a loner who will resort to crazy things for a buzz. Note the first and last lines rhyme fully - ill/hill - and seem to top and tail the stanza in a rather neat but distant fashion. The speaker only infers, he doesn't explicitly state. Tragedy in Medea play detailed analysis October 18, 2019. His spirit cries. His poems are published online and in print. Robert Lowell famously wrote “Skunk Hour” for Elizabeth Bishop, who just as famously had written “The Armadillo” for him. The first part presents an old woman in a lonely island trying to maintain her old ways by buying cultural antiques. His mind is not right. It's not a fun place to exist in according to the speaker; there is a sickness pervading and he seems to be a victim of it, admitting that he is not right in the mind. It could be blood, it could be the sheen grass takes on at a certain time of year, which is known as fox stain. ' Skunk Hour' is one of Robert Lowell 's most frequently anthologized poems. “ Skunk Hour ” by Robert Lowell starts in New England, where a “hermit heiress” acts as the poem’s initial focus. Summary of Skunk Hour ‘Skunk Hour’ by Robert Lowell describes a speaker’s fascination with a Maine town and the secret night-time activities he participates in. For Elizabeth Bishop Nautilus Island's hermit heiress still lives through winter in her Spartan cottage; her sheep still graze above the sea. But the poem ends with a deep realization about why his life was becoming meaningless and painful: he sees a dirty small animal enjoying life, having the physical, mental and spiritual strength to live on. The revelation or epiphany at the end is unbelievable. Things fall further apart as the speaker is filled with a kind of self-loathing and wants to strangle himself, do himself in. Besides, there is also a hint of violence: A red fox stain covers ‘Blue Hill’. 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