Throughout this podcast we will discuss the ways that they helped promote human rights under this oppressive regime as well as the important figures that worked towards preserving human rights in Chile. This podcast explains the relationship that the Catholic Church has had with the Chilean government under the Pinochet regime as well as under Allende. : And how did they show their defiance for the regime? First, there was a group called COPACHI that helped aid victims in the regime. I have a problem with some of my atheist/agnostic family members - they cannot respect our Catholic Church because of the purported close relations between Franco, Pinochet and our recent Popes and Cardinals including our dear departed John Paul 2nd - may he rest in peace. [9] David Molineaux, "Chile honors memory of cardinal who opposed Pinochet." 0 Reviews. : Was the Catholic Church generally supportive of Allende’s presidency? The quarterly journal celebrates and encourages heterodoxy and open debate. : Was he able to convince members of the Church to support him? The priest had a … Dec. 14, 2006. After a couple of suggestions by the Cardinal, they finally agreed on a church location. : Do you feel that the Church was ultimately able to make a difference for the people of Chile? [citation needed] During the Pinochet regime, while some Catholic bishops and priests supported the regime, others under the leadership of the Archbishop of Santiago, Cardinal Raúl Silva Henríquez, set up the Vicariate of Solidarity, a human rights organization where "everyone went for help once their loved ones vanished." He held high hopes for the Catholic Church, which had been a vocal critic of the Pinochet regime and had reached out to poor communities like his, El Guanaco. Here we have a few questions prepared for our guest, Ben Fuller, a student studying the Cold War in Latin America at St Lawrence University. Ben Fuller: Yes some members of the church viewed the growing Marxism and protestantism among the population of Chile as a threat to the Church and wanted the Church to gain more authority and control in Chilean society to promote Catholic ideals. I hypothesize that the Church’s response to Pinochet’s regime helped set the tone for the formation of the modern Chilean Catholic Church as a defender of human rights, and that has consequently influenced female mobilization in modern Chile’s public sphere. Would mind first explaining how the Pinochet regime came to power? Ultimately a military coup occurred with the help of the United States and other international opposition, causing Pinochet to take power. Check out using a credit card or bank account with. I believe that the Church saw that the new military government would do more to undermine the Church than Allende had. : How did Pinochet view the Church during his rule? The Cardinal did not take kindly to these suggestions though and in his speech he talked about the same things that he had spoken about under Allende’s control a year before. He also talked about liberation and mourning the dead in Chile. The Catholic Church, with the Vicaria de la Solidaridad (Solidarity Vicarage), protected individuals and the families of those persecuted by the military government. World Affairs, which, in one form or another, has been published since 1837, was relaunched in January 2008 as a new and improved publication. www.sagepublishing.com, This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. They provided aid to around 700,000 people. The action was taken at the request of Spanish judge Baltasar Garzon, who wished to prosecute Pinochet in Spain for the murder of several Spanish citizens, including a Catholic priest. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH, AND THE PINOCHET REGIME, 1973-1980: PUBLIC RESPONSES TO A NATIONAL SECURITY STATE BY Mario I. Aguilar* After the military coup of 1973 Augusto Pinochet created the means to reinvent Chile in terms of a country that was under attack from for eign elements. Allende was a socialist, which caused the U.S. to have concerns with his presidency. Eric Pace, "Raúl Silva Henríquez, 91, Chile Cardinal, Dies." The church of Mary Tudor. Read your article online and download the PDF from your email or your account. Ben Fuller: One of the biggest catalysts for the Church’s position against Pinochet had to deal with the celebration of Te Duem. They had almost 300 lawyers, medical staff and social workers laboring to gather information on the disappearances and kidnappings that were happening under the regime. Ultimately a military coup occurred with the help of the United States and other international opposition, causing Pinochet to take power. Explained is the various ways that the relationship between the government and the Church was strained under Pinochet and also the various ways the Catholic Church tried to support the people of Chile while various human rights abuses were taking place. Here we have a few questions prepared for our guest, Ben Fuller, a student studying the Cold War in Latin America at St Lawrence University. ©2000-2021 ITHAKA. Throughout this podcast we will discuss the ways that they helped promote human rights under this oppressive regime as well as the important figures that worked towards preserving human rights in Chile. Thank you to all our listeners out there and see you next time. The goal of these groups was to draw attention to the issues of mass disappearances, arrests, and killings by the government of Augusto Pinochet. [4] Steven R. Bowers, "Pinochet's Plebiscite and the Catholics: The Dual Role of the Chilean Church." The Cardinal at this time wanted to hold his liturgy at a Cathedral while the military government wanted it at a military academy. Interviewer: Hello and welcome to another installment of the Pinochet Podcast. Today we are going to talk about the Catholic Church’s role in the Pinochet military regime. : One of the biggest catalysts for the Church’s position against Pinochet had to deal with the celebration of Te Duem. SAGE remains majority owned by our founder and after her lifetime will become owned by a charitable trust that secures the company’s continued independence. World Affairs 151, no. After a couple of suggestions by the Cardinal, they finally agreed on a church location. Thank you to all our listeners out there and see you next time. Agostino Casaroli: the martyrdom of patience: The Holy See and the communist countries (1963-89). Here support groups would meet to discuss the disappearances that were happening to loved ones. Select the purchase Here support groups would meet to discuss the disappearances that were happening to loved ones. Request Permissions. [3] Mario I. Aguilar, "Cardinal Raúl Silva Henríquez, the Catholic Church and the Pinochet Regime, 1973-1980: Public Responses to a National Security State.” Catholic Historical Review 89, no. Cardinal Raul Silva Henriquez, the Catholic Church, and the Pinochet Regime, 1973-1980: Public Responses to a National Security State October 2003 The Catholic historical review 89(4):712-731 The Catholic Church was very important throughout the Pinochet Regime as it provided aid for the many victims of the dictatorship. One of these was Archbishop Raúl Silva Henríquez. World Affairs 151, no. They had almost 300 lawyers, medical staff and social workers laboring to gather information on the disappearances and kidnappings that were happening under the regime. Finally, a third important thing that the Catholic Church did for the people was providing a safe space for dissenters to meet. Raúl himself has stated that this was one of the defining moments for him, which demonstrated that the Church should not support this regime. They applaud what the Holy Father did for Eastern Europe and Russia, yet cannot understand why we did not do … “The Dextrous Dictator” (editorial, Dec. 11) is a shrewd analysis of Augusto Pinochet’s methods but doesn’t mention a crucial aspect of opposition to his … [10] Eric Pace, "Raúl Silva Henríquez, 91, Chile Cardinal, Dies." Especially, with the frequent harassment and even, on occasion, murder of Church workers under his regime. Senior Vatican spokesman, Dr Joaquin Navarro-Vals, told reporters that the Holy See had written to the British government about Gen Pinochet's arrest but … Cross Currents 42, no. Legally and culturally schizophrenic. Finally, a third important thing that the Catholic Church did for the people was providing a safe space for dissenters to meet. There were more conservative members of the church that were fearful that Marxist ideology would replace the church in Chile and were not so fond of Allende. Ben Fuller: There was three main ways that the Church tried to help the people of Chile and undermine the military regime. Pinochet's Plebiscite and the Catholics: The Dual Role of the Chilean Church By STEPHEN R. BOWERS For decades the Catholic church and the Chilean military embraced common concerns. : Ultimately he was unable to. World Affairs is a small journal that argues the big ideas behind U.S. foreign policy. option. Recognizing that miscalculation and hubris are not beyond America's capacity, the editors wish more than anything else to debate and clarify what America faces on the world stage and how it ought to respond. The Catholic Church was very important throughout the Pinochet Regime as it provided aid for the many victims of the dictatorship. : Yes some members of the church viewed the growing Marxism and protestantism among the population of Chile as a threat to the Church and wanted the Church to gain more authority and control in Chilean society to promote Catholic ideals. Access supplemental materials and multimedia. Interviewer: And how did they show their defiance for the regime? Pinochet ally, foe of Liberation Theology. Especially, with the frequent harassment and even, on occasion, murder of Church workers under his regime. Read Online (Free) relies on page scans, which are not currently available to screen readers. However, in its defense of traditional gender roles, the Catholic Church’s They would provide soup kitchens, health clinics and other economic programs to help the poor in Chile. Te Duem is a service prayer done in Chile celebrating Chilean Independence. From Pinochet’s bloody legacy to the Catholic church’s safe house for clerics accused of abuse, Pablo Larraín has spent his career probing Chile’s conscience. SAGE is a leading international provider of innovative, high-quality content publishing more than 900 journals and over 800 new books each year, spanning a wide range of subject areas. [9]. The military was increasingly trying more and more to control aspects of Chilean life. Members of the Church say a prayer and comment on aspects of Chilean society. The period covered will span from September 11, 1973 until 1976. Without the Church supporting dissenters trying to find loved ones and supporting social programs, the situation in Chile might have been much more brutal. He had attributed parts of the gospel to socialism and had even met with Castro with the permission of the pope. But one voice struggles to make itself heard in the civil discussion—the once formidable Chilean Catholic Church. This support for socialism gave him the nickname ‘’The Red Cardinal’’. : Hello and welcome to another installment of the Pinochet Podcast. : So did the Church have a history of political activism before the coup? World Affairs The Church was united on this question. Bowers, "Pinochet's Plebiscite and the Catholics: The Dual Role of the Chilean Church. : Was there a distinct moment where the Church decided to go against the regime? When the Cardinal preached to the people of Chile, they would respond with, "Raul, our friend, the people are with you,’’ this reflects the positive response the Cardinal had across Chile. Ben Fuller: Actually it appears that the Church was very divided when it came to supporting the Allende regime. 4 (October 2003): 712-731. Demonstrates the difficult and complex situation of the Catholic Church facing the ruthless dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. It was evident that the regime was not happy with what the Church was doing. There were more conservative members of the church that were fearful that Marxist ideology would replace the church in Chile and were not so fond of Allende[1]. A Social History of the Catholic Church in Chile: The Pinochet government and Cardinal Silva Henríquez. Steven R . Interviewer: Do you feel that the Church was ultimately able to make a difference for the people of Chile? He gave a certain feeling of hope. With a personal account, you can read up to 100 articles each month for free. The Church would not be supportive of the Pinochet regime with all the human rights abuses that happened. Education ... From the earliest days, he faced a brave and nonviolent movement for human rights led by the Catholic Church that he could not repress. New York Times, April 12, 1999., A23. The violence and destruction under the Pinochet regime was not hidden from the Church and they saw the atrocities that were happening. 2 (1988): 51-58. First, there was a group called COPACHI that helped aid victims in the regime. Catholic parishes and cathedrals were a safe location for people grieving and allowed dissenters to discuss what was happening under the Pinochet regime. In the years preceding Allende’s election, an ideological current emerged in Chilean religion and politics that emphasized a focus on They would provide soup kitchens, health clinics and other economic programs to help the poor in Chile. Interviewer: Was the Catholic Church generally supportive of Allende’s presidency? The Church was one of the biggest social institutions in Chile and Pinochet wanted them on his side. Ben Fuller: Well Pinochet had two views of the Church, either they were going to be an ally or an enemy. The Time That Pope Francis In St. Peter’s Square At The Vatican Declared To The Entire World That Lucifer Is The God Of The Catholic Church What was so special about this ceremony to go to all that expense and trouble? Pinochet might have sought to justify his actions on the basis of Catholic principles, but he had little intention of allowing religious leaders to control his decisions. Some promoters of Liberation Theology say there is a strong Marxist influence to their ideology, while others try to distance themselves as much as they can from Marxism. For example, he had invited the pope to visit Chile. The only institution to do so, the Church in Chile publicly linked Pinochet’s repressive regime with the stark contrasts of poor and wealthy families. In El Bosque, which was untouched by torture or disappearances, Pinochet was popular -- and a figure of praise in Karadima's sermons. As political parties and all public organizations were banned, the Catholic Church assumed the task of defender of human rights and opposition party. Raúl himself has stated that this was one of the defining moments for him, which demonstrated that the Church should not support this regime. This movement across Latin America used Marxist concepts like concerns for the poor and exploited groups as a type of tool to apply to different situations in Latin America. Members of the Church say a prayer and comment on aspects of Chilean society. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pinochet_-_Silva_Henriquez.jpg#filelinks. He also mentioned how Chile was ultimately in a time of mourning. The second important thing that the Church did was gather information on what was happening under the dictatorship. If ideas truly do have consequences, readers of World Affairs will be well prepared. ", James V. Spickard, "Transcending Marxism: Liberation theology and critical theology. The New York Times published an article written in 1999 by Eric Pace, when Raúl passed away at age 91 from a heart attack. : Well Pinochet had two views of the Church, either they were going to be an ally or an enemy. The Church was united on this question.[8]. 3 (Fall 1992): 326. There were though, very important and prominent figures in the Catholic Church that were very support of not only Allende, but also Marxist regimes in general. After the military coup of 1973 Augusto Pinochet created the means to reinvent Chile in terms of a country that was under attack from foreign elements. Pinochet had tried to get the Church support him and his military regime and his policies. The Vatican official responsible for several controversial recent decisions on liturgy is a conservative Chilean who first came to prominence through his opposition to liberation theology and his support of former president Augusto Pinochet. Interviewer: So did the Church have a history of political activism before the coup? Bowers, "Pinochet's Plebiscite and the Catholics: The Dual Role of the Chilean Church." 25 (April 23, 1999): 11. In the absence of any official political opposition, the Roman Catholic Church assumed the role of moral critic. [10]. The violence and destruction under the Pinochet regime was not hidden from the Church and they saw the atrocities that were happening.[7]. The article described the Cardinal's work for human rights throughout Chile. The military was increasingly trying more and more to control aspects of Chilean life. Would mind first explaining how the Pinochet regime came to power? Interviewer: Very interesting, well that is all the time we have today. : Sure, well Pinochet came to power through a military coup against the democratically elected President Allende on September 11, 1973. : I believe when you look at how Raúl Silva Henríquez was viewed in Chilean society, it seems that they made a profound difference in helping the people of Chile. The Catholic Church's activities in South America has been the subject of some scrutiny in the past. Ben Fuller: I believe when you look at how Raúl Silva Henríquez was viewed in Chilean society, it seems that they made a profound difference in helping the people of Chile. The human rights that Raúl supported across Chile made the Church one of the only institutions that went against the Pinochet military regime and its many atrocities. Today we are going to talk about the Catholic Church’s role in the Pinochet military regime. The Cardinal at this time wanted to hold his liturgy at a Cathedral while the military government wanted it at a military academy. The Cardinal did not take kindly to these suggestions though and in his speech he talked about the same things that he had spoken about under Allende’s control a year before. : Very interesting, well that is all the time we have today. The production of arpilleras in Chile by Catholic Church backed groups began in March of 1974, 6 months after the coup deposed President Salvador Allende. As political parties and all public organizations were The. New York Times, April 12, 1999., A23. Interviewer: How did Pinochet view the Church during his rule? In this work I examine the relationship between the Chilean Catholic Church and the socialist government of Salvador Allende (1970-1973) as well as the military government of General Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990). [2] Although Raúl was supportive of socialist leaders, other members of the church were not. I believe that the Church saw that the new military government would do more to undermine the Church than Allende had. Allende was a socialist, which caused the U.S. to have concerns with his presidency. ", David Molineaux, "Chile honors memory of cardinal who opposed Pinochet.". They provided aid to around 700,000 people. 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